Author: [Your Name/Institution] Date: [Current Date] Subject: Environmental Geography & Eco-Tourism Studies 1. Abstract Athirappally Waterfalls, located on the Chalakudy River in Thrissur district, Kerala, is the largest waterfall in the state by volume. Often dubbed the "Niagara of India," this 80-foot (24-meter) tall cascade is a critical component of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. This paper examines the hydrology, ecology, socio-economic dependency, and conservation challenges facing the falls, emphasizing the conflict between hydroelectric projects and tourism-driven preservation. 2. Introduction Athirappally (10.2843° N, 76.5688° E) is situated 63 km from Thrissur city. Unlike seasonal waterfalls, Athirappally maintains a consistent flow due to its origin in the upper reaches of the Anamalai hills. The falls serve as a primary recreational site for Kerala, drawing over 2.5 million visitors annually. This paper analyzes three pillars: Hydrology (source and flow), Biodiversity (riparian ecosystems), and Anthropogenic pressure (tourism vs. industry). 3. Geographical & Hydrological Profile | Parameter | Specification | | :--------------------- | :------------------------------------------ | | River | Chalakudy River (tributary of Periyar) | | Height | 24 meters (80 feet) | | Average Width | 100 meters (during monsoon, expands to 300m)| | Peak Flow Season | June – September (South-West Monsoon) | | Source of Water | Sholayar Dam & Upper Chalakudy River |