The SOM is prone to bottleneck congestion. A single grounding can block traffic for 48-72 hours, costing the global economy an estimated $150 million per day. Harbour pilots minimize this risk by advising optimum speed to maintain slot discipline within the TSS. Their real-time advice allows ships to avoid anchoring, thus reducing demurrage costs for charterers.
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Despite a decline in major pirate attacks since 2015, the SOM still records low-level armed robberies, especially off the Indonesian coast near the Riau Islands. Criminals target slow-moving vessels in the eastbound lane. The SOM is prone to bottleneck congestion
The SOM is governed by Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore. Pilotage rules, licensing standards, and language protocols differ. A pilot licensed for the Singapore Strait may not have certified authority for the Malaysian side, creating handover risks near the Horsburgh Lighthouse. Their real-time advice allows ships to avoid anchoring,