In October 1974, at the Studio Morra in Naples, Italy, 28-year-old Marina Abramović enacted a radical departure from her earlier, more acoustically driven performances (such as Rhythm 10 ). She proposed a simple, terrifying equation: For six hours, Abramović stood motionless, having washed her hair and removed all jewelry to signify the stripping of identity. On a nearby table lay 72 objects, meticulously categorized between pleasure and pain: a feather boa, olive oil, a scalpel, a chain, a loaded pistol with a single bullet. A sign instructed: “Instructions. There are 72 objects on the table that one can use on me as desired. I am the object. I take full responsibility. Duration: 6 hours (8 PM – 2 AM).”

Marina Abramović’s 1974 performance Rhythm 0 stands as a watershed moment in the history of performance art, functioning simultaneously as a brutalist sociological experiment and a harrowing portrait of human nature. By placing 72 objects—ranging from a feather and a rose to a loaded pistol—on a table and offering her own body as a neutral surface for audience interaction, Abramović collapsed the traditional boundary between passive spectator and active participant. This paper argues that Rhythm 0 is not merely a documentation of sadism, but a precise, algorithmic interrogation of social contracts, the diffusion of responsibility, and the latent potential for violence within consensual frameworks. Through a chronological analysis of the six-hour performance, an examination of its psycho-social implications (particularly the Stanford Prison Experiment and bystander effect), and a reflection on its enduring legacy in the #MeToo era, this paper posits that Rhythm 0 reveals the terrifying ease with which civility collapses when authority is abdicated and anonymity is granted. Ultimately, Abramović’s work serves as a prophetic warning: the capacity for atrocity is not an aberration but a latent possibility awaiting the right structural conditions.

Rhythm 0 is often taught alongside the and Milgram’s obedience studies (1963) . However, Abramović’s work offers a crucial distinction: there was no authority figure demanding obedience. The audience was self-authorizing.

The initial audience was respectful, even protective. People moved cautiously, avoiding eye contact with the artist. They used the feather to tickle her neck. A man offered her a rose. A woman wiped her face with a cloth. There was a palpable sense of contract —a belief that because the artist was watching, they would behave. However, the first rupture occurred when a man placed the scissors against her throat to cut her sweater. When she did not flinch, the spell of mutual respect broke. The audience realized: She is not going to say no.

Because the sign said “I take full responsibility,” the audience interpreted this as a legal and ethical release. Each act of violence was small, incremental. Cutting a button off a shirt is not murder. Holding a rose is not violence. But over six hours, the accumulation of small cruelties produced a catastrophic whole. No single person felt responsible for the final state of her body.

The studio environment provided what social psychologists call deindividuation . In a crowd, individual conscience is submerged. The men who cut her clothing would never do so alone. The group provided moral absolution: “I didn’t do it; we did it.”

In her later career, Abramović has admitted that Rhythm 0 left her psychologically shattered for years. She suffered from dissociation and a profound distrust of crowds. She has said, “If you leave the decision to the public, you will be killed.” This is not a boast; it is a lament. The performance scarred her because it proved that the social contract is only as strong as the threat of retaliation.