Ieee Std 80 2013 |verified| May 2026

5.1 Design parameters 5.2 Fault current considerations 5.3 Fault duration 5.4 Soil resistivity 5.5 Resistivity measurement techniques (Wenner four-pin method) 5.6 Crushed rock surface layer resistivity

9.1 Preliminary grid design 9.2 Resistance of grounding grid 9.3 Maximum grid current (I G ) 9.4 Mesh voltage (E m ) calculation (Sverak's method) 9.5 Step voltage (E s ) calculation 9.6 Voltage gradient distribution 9.7 Refinement of grid design (iterative process)

6.1 Division of fault current between grid and neutral 6.2 Asymmetrical current factor (decrement factor) 6.3 Current split factor (grid current vs. remote earth) ieee std 80 2013

8.1 Allowable touch voltage 8.2 Allowable step voltage 8.3 Reduction factors (e.g., crushed rock surface layer)

4.1 Objectives of grounding 4.2 Tolerable body current limits 4.3 Effect of frequency on body impedance 4.4 Criteria for tolerable touch and step voltages chemical rods) 11.2 Surface layer improvements

7.1 Conductor material and corrosion 7.2 Thermal capacity 7.3 Mechanical strength 7.4 Conductor size calculations (based on fusion temperature)

10.1 Grounding of substation fence 10.2 Transfer potentials (conductors leaving substation) 10.3 Grounding of metallic structures 10.4 Seasonal variation of soil resistivity 10.5 Galvanic corrosion ieee std 80 2013

11.1 Alternative methods (deep-driven rods, counterpoise, chemical rods) 11.2 Surface layer improvements

5.1 Design parameters 5.2 Fault current considerations 5.3 Fault duration 5.4 Soil resistivity 5.5 Resistivity measurement techniques (Wenner four-pin method) 5.6 Crushed rock surface layer resistivity

9.1 Preliminary grid design 9.2 Resistance of grounding grid 9.3 Maximum grid current (I G ) 9.4 Mesh voltage (E m ) calculation (Sverak's method) 9.5 Step voltage (E s ) calculation 9.6 Voltage gradient distribution 9.7 Refinement of grid design (iterative process)

6.1 Division of fault current between grid and neutral 6.2 Asymmetrical current factor (decrement factor) 6.3 Current split factor (grid current vs. remote earth)

8.1 Allowable touch voltage 8.2 Allowable step voltage 8.3 Reduction factors (e.g., crushed rock surface layer)

4.1 Objectives of grounding 4.2 Tolerable body current limits 4.3 Effect of frequency on body impedance 4.4 Criteria for tolerable touch and step voltages

7.1 Conductor material and corrosion 7.2 Thermal capacity 7.3 Mechanical strength 7.4 Conductor size calculations (based on fusion temperature)

10.1 Grounding of substation fence 10.2 Transfer potentials (conductors leaving substation) 10.3 Grounding of metallic structures 10.4 Seasonal variation of soil resistivity 10.5 Galvanic corrosion

11.1 Alternative methods (deep-driven rods, counterpoise, chemical rods) 11.2 Surface layer improvements